High Speed Rail Spain
High Speed Rail Spain network is in operation since 1992 and is has became one of the most extensive in the world, connecting major cities such as Madrid, Córdoba and Seville. The network mainly uses standard gauge, unlike the broader gauge Iberian rail network, allowing seamless international connections, notably the Perth Tunnel to France. Managed by ADIF, high speed rail Spain includes several services, with AVE being the flagship, operated by Spain’s national rail company Renfe.
EU deregulation has introduced competition from private operators such as Ouigo España and Iryo, mainly on routes such as Madrid – Barcelona. Additionally, French TGV trains reach Barcelona from France, while Renfe’s dual-gauge Alvia trains offer flexibility across the Iberian Peninsula, switching between broad and standard gauge as needed. As of September 2024, high speed rail Spain network spans 3,973 km (2,469 mi), making it the longest in Europe and second only to China globally.
History of High Speed Rail Spain
New Rail link to Andalusia
In the late 1980s, Spain planned a new rail line to connect Mesita Central with Andalusia, bypassing the difficult Despepiros Pass. The project, called NAFA (Nuevo Acceso Ferroviario an Andalucía), aimed to boost the southern economy by introducing first high speed rail Spain link. The standard gauge line chosen allowed for fastest trains and opened on 14 April 1992 to coincide with Expo 92 in Seville. A week later, AVE services began daily, stopping in Madrid, Seville, Córdoba, Portolano, and Ciudad Real. Later that year, Renfe launched the AVE Lanzadera shuttle service, connecting Madrid with Ciudad Real and Puertollano.
Political factors likely influenced the choice of French Alstom trains over Siemens and Telgo, as the PSOE government aimed to strengthen ties with France, which had helped Spain resolve ETA-related issues. Seville, chosen for the line’s debut, was not only the host of the World’s Fair but also the hometown of Prime Minister Felipe González and a major cultural and economic center in southern Spain, which played a significant role in the development of Andalusia.
In January 1993, high speed rail Spain expanded its services with the Telgo 200 route from Madrid to Málaga, using high speed tracks to Córdoba before switching to conventional broad-gauge tracks. That same year, an AVE train set a record speed of 356.8 km/h (221.7 mph) in a train speed test, demonstrating the growing capabilities of high speed rail Spain. Further Telgo 200 routes, such as Madrid-Cádiz and Madrid-Huelva, were launched later in 1993. By 1994, AVE trains on the Madrid-Seville line reached speeds of 300 km/h, cutting journey times by 40 minutes and covering a distance of 471 km. Over a distance of 2.5 hours, however, the actual speed gain was limited by track alignment constraints, with only a short section near Las Ybanes allowing the full 300 km/h speed. Most of the line ran at low speeds due to the approach to the station and the mountainous terrain near Córdoba. In 1999, Renfe’s mixed gauge Talgo 200 service was extended to Algeciras, But all such services were later reclassified under Grandes Líneas Renfe, in line with the strategies developed by high speed rail in Spain.
In November 2003, the AVE Lanzadera service between Seville and Córdoba was launched, using new Class 104 trains to cut journey times by 40 minutes. Rebranded as RENFE Avant in 2005, the service used exclusively Class 104 trains while Class 100 trains continued on the main AVE lines. Later that year, a new high speed track of 21 kilometres between Madrid and Toledo enabled the service, reducing the journey time to less than 30 minutes.
This new connection with higher housing costs in Madrid encouraged some Madrid workers to move to Ciudad Real, the first stop on the Madrid-Seville route. However, the conversion of the Toledo Line to standard gauge was controversial, as towns such as Getafe and Aranjuez lost their direct connection to Toledo, which no longer accommodates non high speed passenger or freight trains due to the gauge change.
On 24 December 2007, Spain completed the final section For Madrid to Malaga high speed train Spain, inaugurating the Córdoba–Málaga section. The 155 km standard gauge track supports speeds of up to 300 km/h (186 mph) and enhances connectivity with European rail networks. In October 2015, the Madrid–Seville line was extended to Cádiz, allowing Elvia trains to reach speeds of 200 km/h after a long construction period of 14 years. In 2019, the Antequera-Granada high speed line was opened, further expanding Spain’s rail network with a significant investment of €1.4 billion. These developments have strengthened high speed connections within and beyond Andalusia, supporting regional integration and economic growth.
Madrid–Barcelona
The Madrid-Zaragoza-Barcelona high speed rail line, which was fully inaugurated on 20 February 2008, was operational in early 2003 (Madrid-Zaragoza-Leda) and 2006 (Leda-Tarragona). The line is one of the fastest long-distance routes in the world, with non-stop trains covering the 621 km (386 mi) distance between Madrid and Barcelona in just 2 hours and 30 minutes, while at all stations, Stopping trains take 3 hours and 10 minutes. A branch line from Zaragoza leads to Huesca, with the Madrid-Huesca section inaugurated in 2005. This high speed link has significantly reduced travel times in Spain’s Northeast Corridor, strengthening connectivity and regional access between key urban centres and rural areas such as northern Aragon.
The Madrid-Barcelona high speed rail line currently terminates at Barcelona Sants station, but a new terminal is under construction at La Saguera in the northern part of the city. The Sants-La Saguera Tunnel, known as the Provence Tunnel, runs through Barcelona’s Exemplary district and connects these two stations. The tunnel route follows key streets, passing under Provença and Mallorca and a short section under Diagonal Avenue. In particular, it passes directly in front of the Sagrada Família and near the Casa Milà, two famous works of the architect Antoni Gaudí. Concerns have been raised over the tunnel’s proximity to the Sagrada Família, with the basilica’s board and other supporters arguing that vibrations could damage the historic, as-yet-unfinished structure. After considering alternative routes, the Provence Tunnel was chosen, balancing engineering, cultural preservation, and the city’s infrastructure needs.
The Sants-La Saguera tunnel, part of Barcelona’s high speed rail Spain infrastructure, reached completion in October 2010 after the tunnel boring machine passed through Barcelona’s Sagrada Família, completing its route a few months later. As of March 2012, special flexible isolation systems were installed along sections near Gaudí’s landmarks, including the Sagrada Família, to reduce vibrations using the Adilon system. Although the tunnel was inaugurated on 8 January 2013 along the Perpignan-Barcelona high speed line, construction of La Saguera station was delayed by a 2014 corruption scandal involving a contractor. Work on La Sagrera resumed in 2018, with AVE trains expected to start running in late 2024. Full station operations are expected by the end of 2026, increasing Barcelona’s high speed connectivity with Spain and France’s high speed trains.
Northern Corridors
The first phase of high speed rail Spain extension to the north and northwest was launched on December 22 2007, along the 179.6 km Madrid-Segovia-Valladolid line. A highlight of the route is the Guadrama Tunnel, which spans 28 kilometres (17 mi). It is the fourth-longest train tunnel in Europe. The line increases travel speed and connectivity, positioning Valladolid as a future hub for AVE services to northern and northwestern Spain. This infrastructure is an important step in connecting these regions more effectively with Madrid and southern Spain, promoting regional access and economic integration throughout the country.
Construction of the extension of high speed rail Spain to Asturias began in 2009, although work on the main Pajares Base Tunnel (Variante de Pajares) began earlier in 2003. The extension reached León with the completion of the 162.7 km Valladolid-Venta. Lyon Section was inaugurated on September 29 2015. After two decades, the Leon-La Robla-Pola de Lena section was opened on November 29 2023. In May 2024, Renfe introduced AVE services using gauge-changing Class 106 trains on routes to and from Madrid. Castellón/Vinaròs to Gijón, capable of speeds of 330 km/h (205 mph). These new trains cut journey times between Madrid and Oviedo by 12 minutes and between Madrid and Gijón by 10 minutes. Meanwhile, the 55km high speed line from Segovia to Ávila, first announced in 2010, remains in planning until 2024. This ongoing development will increase connectivity between the central and northern regions of Spain, streamline access to Asturias and support regional development.
On July 21 2022, Spain inaugurated the 86.5 km section between Venta de Banos and Burgos, a significant extension of the high speed rail network towards the Basque Country. This section, which took 13 years to complete and cost €759 million, introduced the new AVE Madrid-Burgos service, reducing travel time between the two cities to just under an hour and a half. The route includes two tunnels and 12 viaducts, including the longest viaduct that spans the Pisuerga River and the A-62 highway. In parallel, the Madrid–Galicia high speed rail line was completed on December 21, 2021, connecting Olmedo, Zamora and Santiago de Compostela after two decades of construction. The line connects to the Madrid-Asturias high speed rail line at Olmedo, further enhancing connectivity in northwest Spain and connecting Galicia with the national rail network. The development reflects Spain’s commitment to increasing high speed rail capacity and improving regional access.
Construction of the northernmost section of the Madrid-Galicia high speed rail line, which stretches 87.1 km between Orense and Santiago de Compostela, began in late 2004 and opened in December 2011. Zamora, which entered service on December 17 2015. Using Alvia trains. A major 110 km section connecting Zamora and Otero de Sanabria was opened on October 26 2020. The final 119.4 km from Puebla de Sanabria to Orense, crossing some of Spain’s most remote and environmentally sensitive areas, is due to be completed in late 2021. The last segment finished, and the entire line was presented. By Alvia S-730 (Patito) trains, capable of speeds of up to 250 km/h (155 mph). The completion of this high speed corridor increases connectivity in Galicia and integrates the region more effectively with the national rail network.
The Madrid-Galicia high speed rail line connects with the 156 km Atlantic Axis high speed rail line in Galicia, connecting the cities of Vigo and A Coruña via Santiago de Compostela. As of May 21 2024, AVE services have been introduced between Madrid and both Vigo and La Coruña, using gauge-changing Class 106 trains. These new services offer a significant reduction in journey times, cutting the journey between Madrid and Santiago de Compostela by 18 minutes and via Vigo by 16 minutes compared to previous Alvia services. This improved connectivity not only improves access to Galicia’s key urban centres but also reflects Spain’s ongoing commitment to expanding high speed rail Spain network, promoting economic growth and regional integration.
The Atlantic Axis high speed rail line was inaugurated in April 2015, extending the connection between the cities of A Coruña and Vigo via Santiago de Compostela. The section connecting A Coruña and Santiago de Compostela, which opened in 2009 and electrified in 2011, plays an important role in this network. The new railway reduced the distance between A Coruña and Santiago from 178 km to 156 km, reducing the journey time from almost three hours on the old railway to just one hour and twenty minutes on the new line. The upgraded route includes an impressive infrastructure of 37 tunnels covering a total of 59 km and 34 bridges spanning 15 km, demonstrating the engineering progress involved in modernizing Galicia’s rail system. The line not only improves travel efficiency but also promotes economic development and regional access in northwestern Spain.
Eastern Corridors
The Madrid–Levante high speed rail network connects Madrid to the Mediterranean coast of eastern Spain, increasing travel between major cities in the Levante region. The Madrid–Cuenca–Valencia line was officially completed on 10 December 2010, and commercial service began on 18 December 2010, allowing non-stop trains to cover the 391 km (243 mi) distance in just 1 hour and 38 minutes. Subsequently, the Madrid-Albacete-Alicante line was inaugurated on 17 June 2013, reducing the journey time between Madrid and Alicante to 2 hours and 12 minutes.
The network continued to expand with the opening of the Madrid-Castellón AVE service on 22 January 2018, further reducing journey times to 2 hours 25 minutes. The first section of the AVE service to Murcia was launched on 1 February 2021, with the full connection to Murcia completed on 20 December 2022. Plans are also underway to extend the line to Cartagena. Once fully operational, the Madrid-Levante network will cover 955 km, connecting Madrid to Cuenca, Albacete, Valencia, Alicante, Elche, Castellón, Murcia, and Cartagena, connecting the region. Accessibility and travel times will improve significantly.
International Connection with France
An important milestone for the Spanish high speed rail network was achieved in December 2013 when Spain established a direct connection to the rest of Europe via France. This connection was facilitated by the construction of the 131-kilometre (81.4 mi) Barcelona-Figuries section of the Perpignan-Barcelona high speed line, an extension of the Madrid-Barcelona line that was completed in January 2013. €3.7 billion.
Previously, the international 44.5-kilometre (27.7 mi) Perpignan-Figueres section of the line opened in December 2010, with the newly constructed 8.3-kilometre (5.2 mi) Perthus Tunnel passing under the Pyrenees. The development not only expands travel options between Spain and France but also marks Spain’s growing integration into the European high speed rail network, facilitating faster and more efficient connections across borders with high speed trains in Europe. This connection allows for seamless travel between major cities, boosting economic ties and tourism while increasing the reach of high speed rail Spain capabilities to connect with other European networks like, high speed rail Italy, high speed rail Switzerland, High speed trains Germany, high speed rail Sweden and other parts of Europe.
The high speed rail link between Barcelona and Figueres was officially inaugurated in January 2013, significantly reducing travel times across the region. The journey from central Barcelona to Girona now takes just 37 minutes, down from 90 minutes previously, while the journey to Figueres has been cut to 53 minutes, up from two hours before the upgrade. The development has also improved connectivity between Girona and Figueres, which are now just 14 minutes apart. The Perpignan to Figueres section opened in 2010, but a major high speed link between Montpellier and Nimes on the French side only became operational in July 2018. The Spanish system. However, the French government recently announced the indefinite delay of the Montpellier-Perpignan high speed section, which was originally scheduled to be completed in 2020. has raised concerns about possible effects on the cross. – Cross-border travel efficiency.
Madrid Interconnector
Construction of a major 7.3 km tunnel connecting Madrid’s two main railway stations, Atocha and Chamartan, began on April 24 2010. Initial projects included electrification and line duplication between Atocha and Torrejón de Velasco, which began with expected completion in 2017. Project in early 2018. The line was initially expected to open for commercial AVE train services later this year, but delays have pushed the opening to the second half of 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic further halted progress, resulting in additional delays.
As of November 2021, the interconnector was expected to open in the first quarter of 2022. Test runs were conducted in early February 2022, and the line was expected to be ready for permit application by early March. Finally, after years of delays, the tunnel connecting Atocha and Chamartan opened on July 1, 2022, increasing connectivity within Madrid’s high speed rail network and facilitating smoother travel for commuters by using high speed rail Spain.
Prior to the completion of the new interconnector tunnel, trains to Valladolid departed from Chamartan station, while trains to Seville, Málaga, Valencia, Alicante and Barcelona departed from Atocha station. This separation made travel complicated for travellers, especially those wanting to transfer between the northern and southern routes. To manage this, there were limited daily services along the Barcelona-Seville, Barcelona-Málaga, and Barcelona-Granada routes that used a high speed bypass to avoid reversing trains at Atocha.
The introduction of the tunnel has revolutionized this connection, allowing trains serving northern cities to travel non-stop or with only one stop via Madrid to southern destinations and vice versa. This eliminates the need for drivers to change ends or for passengers to change stations, which significantly streamlines the journey. For example, a passenger travelling from Valladolid to Alicante no longer has to take the complicated route via Chamartín and Atocha. Instead, they can enjoy a more direct and efficient journey on the network of high speed rail Spain, enhancing the overall passenger experience.
Incidents and Accidents
Operational Services
International TGV inOui
Barcelona – Paris via Girona, Figueres, Perpignan, Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Sîte, Montpellier, Nîmes and Valence.
International AVE
AVE
AVANT (Average Distance)
ALVIA (Mixed High Speed/Conventional)
Avlo (Low-Cost High Speed Rail Spain)
Ouigo España (Private High Speed Operator)
Trains
Currently, there are several series of high speed trains Spain that operate the AVE service
Alvia, Euromed, and Avant are series of high speed train in Spain that operate with variable-gauge technology, allowing them to seamlessly switch between standard- and Iberian-gauge tracks. This flexibility enables them to serve routes beyond the typical high speed rail network, and to reach a wider range of destinations. They can reach speeds of up to 250 km/h (155 mph) on high speed tracks and can be adapted to different rail gauges through gauge-changing facilities, minimizing travel disruptions.
Lines in Operation
Network of high speed rail Spain network includes five main corridors with twelve main lines in operation, plus two spur lines connecting Toledo with the Madrid-Seville line and Huesca with the Madrid-Barcelona line. Additionally, two lines are partially operational for Alivia and Euromid services, parts of which are still under construction. One of these lines follows the Mediterranean Corridor, increasing connectivity with the coast, while the other extends towards Extremadura, aiming to improve rail access in western Spain. These new developments expand high speed rail Spain network, connecting more regions and increasing travel efficiency across the country.
| Line | Connected Cities/Stations | Year of inauguration | Operational top speed | Type of trains |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North-Western Corridor | ||||
| HSR Madrid-Galicia | Ourense- Santiago de Compostela | 2011 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-106,S-121,S-130,S-730 |
| Madrid Chamartin-Segovia-Olmedo-Zam ora | 2015 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-106,S-121,S-130,S-730 | |
| Zamora.Sanabria | 2020 | |||
| Sanabria-Ourense | 2021 | |||
| HSR Atlanti c Axis | Santiago de Compostels –A Coruna | 2011 | 250 km/h or 124 mph | S-106,S-121,S-130,S-730 |
| Vigo-Pontevedra . Santiago de Compostela | 20 April 2015 | |||
| North Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Madrid-Asturias | Madrid Chamartin-Segovia-Valladolid | 2007 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-102,S-106,S-114,S-121, TGV Duplex |
| Valladolid-Venta de Banos-Palencia -Leon | 2015 | |||
| Leon-La Robla. Pola de Lena | 2023 | S-106,S-130,S-121S-106,S-114,S-130,S-121,S-106,S-130,S-121 | ||
| HSR Madrid-Burgos | Madrid Chamartin –Segovia-Valladolid .Venta de Barios | 2015 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-112,S-114 |
| Venta de Barios . Burgos | 2022 | |||
| North-Eastern Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Madrid- Barcelon | Madrid Atocha.Guadalajara –yebes. Calatayud.Zaragoza.Lleida | 2003 | 300 km/h or 186 mph (310 km/h or 193 mph between 2011 and 2016 on Guadalajara-Calatayud). | S-100,S-103,S-106,S-112,S-120,S-121,TGV Duplex, Frecciarossa 1000 |
| Lleida.Camp de Tarragona | 2006 | |||
| Camp de Tarragona. Barcelona-Sants | 2008 | S-100,S-103,S-106,S-112,S-120,S-121,S-130,TGV Duplex, Frecciarossa 1000 | ||
| HSR Barcelona-Perpignan | Figueres Perpignan (France) | 2009 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | SNCF TGV Duplex |
| Barcelona-Sants.Barcelona- Sagrera Girona-Figueres | 2013 | S-100,S-112, S-130,SNCF TGV Duplex | ||
| HSR Madrid- Madrid | Madrid Atocha-Guadalajara-Yebes.Calatayud.Zaragoza-Tardienta.Huesca | 2005 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-102,S-112 |
| Eastern Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Madrid-Castellon | Madrid Atocha.Cuenca –Requena-Utiel-Valencia | 2010 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-102,S-106,S-112,TGV Duplex, Frecciarossa 1000 |
| Valencia-Castellon | 2018 | S-112,S-130 | ||
| HSR Madrid-Alicante | Madrid Chamartin. Cuenca -Albacete | 2010 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-106,S-112,S-13-,TGV Duplex,Frecciarossa 1000 |
| Albacete-Vilena-Alicante | 2013 | |||
| HSR Madrid-Murcia | Madrid Atocha .Cuenca. Albacete. Elche .orihuela | 2021 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-106,S-112 |
| Orihuela-Murcia | 2022 | |||
| Southern Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Madrid-Seville | Madrid Atocha .Ciudad Real .Puertollano .Cordoba. Seville | 14 April 1992 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-100, S-102, S-103, S-112,S-104, Frecciarossa 1000 |
| Seville .Jerez da la Frontera -Cadiz | 2015 | 200 km/h or 124 mph | S-130 | |
| HSR Madrid- Malaga | Madrid Atocha.Ciudad Real-Puertollano.Cordoba .Puente Genil-Herrera . Antequera. Malaga | 2007 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-102, S-103,S-112, S-104,Frecciarossa 1000 |
| HSR Madrid- Taledo | Madrid Atocha . Toledo | 2005 | 250 km/h or 155 mph | S-104 |
| HSR Anteguera -Granada | Antequera- Granada | 2019 | 300 km/h or 186 mph | S-102,S-112 |
| South-Western Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Madrid -Extremadura | Plasencia -Badajoz | 2022 | 200 km/h or 124 mph | S-730 |
| Mediterranean Corridor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HSR Catalonia-Andalusia | Tarragona. Vandellos | 2020 | 200 km/h or 124 mph | S-121,S-130 |
North-Western Corridor
Madrid–Galicia
The Madrid–Galicia high speed rail line connects Madrid with the Atlantic axis in the region of Galicia and northwest Spain, passing through important cities such as Segovia, Zamora, Puebla de Sanabria, Orense and Santiago de Compostela. In the middle of the line is a new 424 km high speed segment that starts at Olmedo, located 130 km north of Madrid on the Madrid–Leon line, and ends at Santiago de Compostela. This segment extends the connection between Madrid and Galicia, offering a fast and efficient travel option, and was officially launched for the AVE service on 21 December 2021.
AVE trains operate on the Madrid-Orléans, Madrid-A Coruña and Madrid-Vigo routes with a maximum operating speed of 300 km/h and cover the distance in 2 hours 15 minutes, 3 hours 33 minutes and 4 hours 18 minutes, respectively. , [20] while Elvia provides the service. A line of Class 130 and 730 gauge switching trains with a commercial speed of 250 km/h connects Madrid with Vigo, Lugo and Ferrol.[65] From 5 November 2024, two Alvia Madrid bypasses Santiago de Compostela. -Vigo services will be replaced by AVE services on Talgo AVRIL trains, thus reducing the journey time between Madrid and Vigo to less than 4 hours at 3 hours 57 minutes for the first time.
The Atlantic Axis
In Galicia, the Atlantic Axis high speed railway connects the major cities of Vigo and A Coruña via Santiago de Compostela, covering a distance of 155.6 km. The line is a significant upgrade from the previous non-electrified, single-track railway between Ferrol and the Portuguese border, which converted it into a double-track, electrified line of high speed rail Spain. Designed for mixed-use traffic, it allows passenger trains to travel at speeds up to 250 km/h. The line also connects to the Madrid-Galicia high speed rail line at Santiago de Compostela, enhancing regional and national connectivity within northwestern Spain.
The Atlantic Axis Line is served by various high speed train services, including the S-121 train set, which runs Avant medium-distance trains at a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) on routes such as A Coruña-Ourense via Santiago. Run the services of De Compostela. Additionally, AVE and Avlo services connect A Coruña and Vigo to Madrid using S-106 trainsets that can reach speeds of 330 km/h (205 mph). Alvia S-730 (Patito) train sets, also capable of 250 km/h (155 mph), provide efficient and varied travel options on this key corridor across Spain to Galicia and other regions. Provide more communication between.
North Corridor
Madrid–Asturias
The Madrid-Asturias high speed rail line connects Madrid with the northern autonomous community of Asturias, passing through major cities such as Segovia, Valladolid, Palencia and León before arriving in Asturias on the Pola de Lina. The line includes the longest railway tunnel in Spain, with a length of 28 km. High speed service includes up to two daily AVE S-102 (Pato) trains between Madrid and Lyon, which complete the journey in just 2 hours and 6 minutes, as well as the AVE S-106 train from Madrid to Gijón that covers the distance.
An AVE S-106 train also operates on the line daily from Castellón/Vinaros to Gijón in 3 hours 36 minutes. For Elvia services, the S-120 and S-130 (Patito) trainsets, both with a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph), operate routes such as Madrid–Avilas and Alicante–Gijón, Pula De Lena, Mayors, stop-in, and Oviedo. Medium-distance Avant services also operate from Madrid to Valladolid, with a stop in Segovia, providing additional regional connectivity.
Madrid–Burgos
The Madrid-Burgos high speed rail line connects Madrid to Burgos, sharing a route with the Madrid-Asturias line to Venta de Baunes, a distance of 86.5 km to Burgos. AVE services on this line use S-112 trains, which complete the journey between Madrid and Burgos in just 1 hour and 33 minutes, with a stop in Valladolid. Since January 2023, an AVE service has connected Burgos with Valencia, covering the route in 3 hours and 30 minutes, while an additional AVE service started in April 2024, connecting Burgos and Murcia. Expanded high speed connectivity throughout Spain, providing direct travel between.
North-Eastern Corridor
Madrid to Barcelona High Speed Train
The Madrid-Barcelona high speed railway spans 621 km, connecting Madrid to Barcelona via Guadalajara, Calatide, Zaragoza, Lida, and Tarragona, with plans to connect the Tarragona-Valencia high speed line to Tarragona in the future. Direct trains can cover the distance in 2.5 hours, bypassing Zaragoza and Lida. This route is served mainly by AVE S-103 trains (up to 350 km/h or 217 mph) and Avlo S-106 trains (up to 380 km/h or 236 mph) daily between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. Offered 27 departures. :10, including six trains to Figueres and one to Marseille. Direct AVE routes also connect Barcelona to Seville and Málaga in less than six hours using S-112 trains without stopping in Madrid. Avlo’s low-cost services from Madrid to Barcelona and Figueres also use S-112 trains.
Additionally, Iryo and Ouigo España offer five more daily services each way, with some stops at Zaragoza–Delicias and Camp de Tarragona. The line operates medium-distance Avant services between Barcelona-Lida and Calatrava-Zaragoza, as well as Madrid to Pamplona. Alivia also supports services connecting Logroño and Barcelona with Zaragoza from Bilbao, San Sebastian, Salamanca, Vigo, and A Coruña.
Barcelona–Perpignan (France)
The Perpignan–Figueres high speed rail line, which spans 44.4 km, opened in December 2010, connecting France and Spain on the Perpignan–Barcelona high speed corridor. French TGV services from Paris initially operated on this line, connected to Barcelona by a shuttle on the standard line between Barcelona and Figueres. In January 2013, Spain opened its Barcelona–Figueres high speed segment, adding nine Spanish services, including eight direct routes to Madrid, some connecting with French TGVs from Paris. Direct high speed services, including routes such as Barcelona-Paris, Madrid-Marseille, Barcelona-Leon, and Toulouse train to Barcelona, began in December 2013. After Renfe and SNCF’s partnership ended in 2022, SNCF resumed the Paris to Barcelona high speed train route independently. It’s TGV your brand. Renfe followed in the summer of 2023, introducing its AVE brand services on the Madrid–Marseille and Barcelona–Leon routes. The line also supports Avant medium-haul services between Barcelona, Girona, and Figueres.
Madrid–Huesca
The Zaragoza-Huesca high speed rail Spain line, inaugurated in 2005, connects Huesca with a regional transfer station at Tardienta, off the Madrid-Barcelona line at Zaragoza. Operated by AVE S-102 “Pato” trains, which can reach speeds of up to 330 km/h (205 mph), the line runs between Zaragoza and Huesca with the fastest journey of approximately 2 hours and 5 minutes. It offers two daily services. Additionally, the line supports the Huesca–Seville AVE service, operated by AVE S-100 trains at a maximum speed of 300 km/h (186 mph) in 5 hours and 38 minutes. Covers the route with stops at Tardenta, Zaragoza, and Calatayud. , Guadalajara, Madrid-Puerta de Atocha, and Cordoba.
Eastern Corridor
Madrid–Castellón
The Madrid-Castilian high speed rail line connects Madrid to Castellón, passing through Cuenca, Requena-Utiel, and Valencia as part of the wider Madrid-Levante network. The AVE is operated by S-112 “Pato” trains built by the Talgo-Bombardier consortium, reaching speeds of 330 km/h (205 mph). The direct AVE route from Madrid to Valencia covers a distance of 391 km in 98 minutes, with 30 trains per day between 05:00 and 21:00, 15 in each direction. The Madrid-Castilian service lasts 2 hours and 25 minutes, with two trains per day in each direction. Additionally, non-stop AVE services between Valencia and Seville use the line, with AVE S-102 trains covering the route in 3 hours and 50 minutes. Valencia–Burgos and Valencia–León services via Madrid Chamartín also run on this route. Several other operators, including Iryo, Avlo, and Ouigo España, provide services on sections of the line, such as Avant between Valencia and Requena-Utiel and Alvia via Gijón–Castellón and Gijón–Vinaròs via Madrid Chamartín. Provide services.
Madrid–Alicante
Branching off the Madrid–Castellón line, the 350 km/h high speed line connects Madrid to Alicante, passing through Cuenca, Albacete and Villena. Part of the Madrid-Leonte HSR network, it is served primarily by AVE S-112 “Pato” trains, which reach speeds of 330 km/h (205 mph) and the Madrid-Alicante route. Covers in about 2 hours and 12 minutes. Additionally, the line hosts various low-cost services, including Avlo, Ouigo España, and Iryo’s Madrid-Alicante routes, all of which stop at Albacete-Los Llanos. The line also supports Avlo’s Valladolid–Alicante route, as well as direct AVE connections from Alicante to Ourense and León, and Ouigo España’s Alicante–Valladolid service via Madrid Chamartín. Avant trains run between Toledo and Albacete via Madrid Atocha on the line, which is also used by Alvia services from Gijón and Santander via Alicante via Madrid Chamartín.
Madrid–Alicante
Extending the Madrid-Alicante line from Monforte del Cid, this branch of high speed rail Spain connects Albacete, Elche, Orihuela and Murcia, further adding to the Madrid-Levante HSR network. The AVE first arrived in Orihuela on 1 February 2021, with an extension to Murcia opening on 20 December 2022. Plans are underway to further extend the line to Cartagena. The AVE Madrid–Elche–Orihuela–Murcia service takes 2 hours and 45 minutes at a top speed of 300 km/h, operated by S-112 “Pato” trains, with some trains en route to Murcia. Reverse at Alicante. Ouigo España also operates a Madrid-Albacete-Elche-Murcia service with similar journey times. The line includes the Murcia – Burgos AVE route and the one-way Avlo Murcia – Valladolid service via Madrid Chamartan. Avant services connect Murcia and Alicante, stopping in Benal, Orihuela, Calosa-Coix, and Elche.
South Corridor
Madrid–Seville
The Madrid-Seville high speed railway line is premier route in high speed rail Spain, connecting Madrid to Seville in the south. Extending through cities such as Ciudad Real, Puertollano, and Córdoba, it also provides a key connection for the Madrid-Málaga line, which branches off near Almodóvar del Río.
The line crosses the plains of Castile and the rugged mountains of the Sierra Morena before reaching Córdoba, then passes through the flatlands of the Guadalquivir River region on its way to Seville. Completed in time for Seville’s Expo 92, the route became Spain’s first dedicated passenger high speed rail line, laying the foundation for the country’s extensive high speed network.
The 472 km Madrid – Seville high speed rail line offers a fast journey time of just 2 hours and 20 minutes between the two cities. It is mainly served by AVE S-100 trains, capable of reaching speeds of up to 300 km/h on the Madrid–Seville and Seville–Huesca routes. The more modern AVE S-112 “Pato” is a high speed train Valencia to Barcelona, which run at a speed of 330 km/h, run from Seville to Valencia and Barcelona. Additionally, Iryo and Avlo services operate on the line, with Iryo offering two low-cost daily trips to all intermediate stations on 438-seat S-112 trains with stops at Córdoba and Avlo. Avant trains provide medium-distance connections from Madrid to Puertollano and Seville to Málaga and Granada, both via Córdoba. Extensions to Cádiz are served by Alvia trains running at 200 km/h, while an Alvia service runs along the line on the Madrid-Huelva route.
Madrid–Málaga
The Madrid–Málaga high speed rail line connects Málaga to Madrid in just 2 hours and 20 minutes, covering a route that shares its initial section with the Madrid–Seville line to Córdoba, then 155 km to Málaga. Branches at intervals of High speed AVE S-102 “Pato” trains (maximum speed 330 km/h) and AVE S-103 trains (maximum speed 350 km/h) operate on this line, providing fast and efficient service.
The route is also served by Iryo, which stops at Córdoba, and by the Avlo low-cost service, which makes two trips daily with 438-seat S-112 trains to all intermediate stations. Avant trains provide medium-distance connections from Málaga to Seville and Granada, passing through Córdoba, Puente Genil-Herrera, and Antequera-Santa Ana stations. Beyond Málaga, the line also accommodates traffic to Granada and Algeciras, with plans to further extend the connection to the Costa del Sol high speed network in the future.
Madrid–Toledo
The Madrid–Toledo high speed rail line departs from the main Madrid–Seville and Madrid–Málaga routes close to La Sagra depot, providing a quick link to Toledo. The line is mainly served by Avant trains, which offer an easy half-hour journey between Madrid and Toledo, reaching speeds of up to 250 km/h. Designed for efficient regional travel, the line allows seamless travel and quick access to Toledo, making it a vital connector for both residents and visitors travelling between these two historic cities.
Madrid–Granada
he Antequera – Granada high speed rail line, which spans 122.8 km, is part of Spain’s developing Andalucía Transverse Axis network. AVE services operate three times daily between Madrid Atocha and Granada, covering the 568 km distance in just 3 hours and 5 minutes, while a daily AVE train connects Granada to Barcelona Sants in 6 hours and 25 minutes.
High speed AVE S-102 and S-112 (Pato) trains are used on these routes, reaching speeds of 330 km/h (205 mph). The line includes stops in Córdoba, allowing passengers to reach Granada in just 90 minutes from Córdoba. Additionally, medium-distance Avant services enhance regional connectivity, connecting Granada to Málaga and Seville, with stops in Loja and Antequera-Santa Anna, making the line a key part of Andalusia’s high speed rail infrastructure.
Mediterranean Corridor
High speed rail Spain infrastructure along Mediterranean coast includes selected sections meeting high speed standards, such as the newly completed 46.5 km Camp de Tarragona–Vandales segment and the 72 km Valencia–Castilian route. These form part of larger networks such as the Madrid–Levante line and the Camp de Tarragona–Figueres segment, which integrates into the Madrid–Barcelona–Figueres high speed corridor.
The Vandellòs–Castellón section is an upgraded section of the original Valencia–Sant Vicenç de Calders Iberian-gauge railway, while the Valencia–Alicante line is being converted to standard-gauge high speed tracks. Renfe’s Euromed service, operated by dual-gauge RENFE Class 130 trains, connects Figueres and Alicante along the coast, reaching speeds of up to 250 km/h on high speed stretches. Euromed completes the Barcelona-Valencia journey in 2 hours and 35 minutes and extends to Alicante in 4 hours and 20 minutes, with selected services continuing to Girona and Figueres. The corridor also supports Avant regional routes, including Barcelona – Figueres and Murcia – Alicante, enhancing connectivity along the Mediterranean coast.
Madrid Interconnector
The opening of the new interconnecting tunnel between Madrid Atocha and Madrid Chamartan in July 2022 has streamlined high speed rail operations through Madrid, connecting services at the city’s two major stations. Key AVE routes now using the tunnel include the Madrid–Alicante service from Chamartín, as well as routes connecting Burgos with Valencia and Murcia and Alicante with destinations such as Ourense and León.
Budget services also pass through Avlo and Ouigo España, connecting cities such as Murcia, Valladolid, and Alicante. Additionally, Elvia trains use the tunnel for long-distance routes, such as Gijón–Alicante, Santander–Alicante, and Gijón–Oropesa del Mar via Valencia. The Madrid–Badajoz Alivia service also benefits from this connection, starting from Chamartin with a stop on the Circanías section of the Atocha, enhancing Madrid’s role as a major hub in Spain’s high speed rail network.
North Corridor
León–La Robla
The Madrid-Asturias high speed railway connects the Spanish capital with the northern region of Asturias, significantly improving accessibility and travel times. While the majority of the line is designed for high speed operations, the 20.2 km (12.6 mi) section between León and La Robla currently uses traditional Iberian gauge tracks, with a maximum speed of 160 km/h ( 99 mph). However, there are plans to modernize the section to meet high speed standards, which will include the addition of a new standard gauge track. The upgrade, expected to be completed by the end of 2024, aims to increase the overall efficiency and speed of rail travel between Madrid and Asturias, further integrating the region into Spain’s high speed rail network.
Pola de Lena–Gijón
The northernmost section of the Madrid-Asturias high speed railway, which stretches 62 kilometres between Pola de Lina and Gijón, is slated for renovation by 2024. The upgrade aims to increase rail connectivity within the Asturias region, facilitating faster and more efficient travel between them. Important places. By modernizing this section of the line, officials hope to improve service quality and attract more passengers to rail travel, thereby helping regional economic growth and accessibility. The renovation will not only upgrade the existing infrastructure, but align it with the broader goals of Spain’s high speed rail network, ultimately leading to a more integrated system of transportation across the country. Will contribute.
Burgos–Vitoria
The extension of the Madrid-Valladolid section towards the Basque Country has been under construction since 2009 and covers 223.4 km, running parallel to the existing railway line of 244.8 km. Initially planned as a mixed-use high speed railway, the project has evolved into a dedicated passenger line, freeing up existing tracks for freight. While the Valladolid–Burgos section was expected to enter service around 2013 and the Burgos–Vitoria-Gasteiz section by 2014 or 2015, construction delays have pushed the overall opening to an expected date of 2028. Service in July 2022. When completed, the new line will connect to the Basque High Speed Railway (Basque Y) in Vitoria.
The extension of the Madrid-Valladolid section towards the Basque Country has been under construction since 2009 and covers 223.4 km, running parallel to the existing railway line of 244.8 km. Initially planned as a mixed-use high speed railway, the project has evolved into a dedicated passenger line, freeing up existing tracks for freight. While the Valladolid–Burgos section was expected to enter service around 2013 and the Burgos–Vitoria-Gasteiz section by 2014 or 2015, construction delays have pushed the overall opening to an expected date of 2028. Service in July 2022. When completed, the new line will connect to the Basque High Speed Railway (Basque Y) in Vitoria.
Basque Y
The Basque High Speed Railway line, commonly known as Basque Y, is designed to connect the three Basque capitals: Vitoria-Gasteiz, Bilbao, and San Sebastián. Construction of the line began in October 2006, with an initial forecast for completion set for 2016. However, delays plagued the project, and by the end of 2022, estimates extended the expected completion date to 2027, according to ADF’s draft budget. Once operational, the Basque Y will facilitate better connections between the three capitals and Madrid via Valladolid, as well as access to the French border via Irun and Bayonne. Additionally, discussions are ongoing on alternative routes to connect to Pamplona, further expanding the reach of the railway network and improving regional transport options.
Madrid-Santander
A new high speed rail line is in the planning stages to branch off from the existing Madrid-Leon high speed rail line at Palencia, with the aim of connecting the Cantabria region to the high speed rail network directly from Madrid. There is contact. The proposed route will connect the city of Santander via Villaprovedo and Reynosa. An agreement was signed in August 2010 to complete the line by the end of 2015, with plans to issue tenders for the Palencia to Villa Provido section by March 2011 and the Villa Provido to Reynosa section by the end of 2012. However, construction began in November 2021.
For the 20.8 km section between Palencia Norte and Osorno, plans for the section from Osorno to Reinosa were set for projection in 2022, with construction expected to begin in 2023. As of October 2022, the Spanish government has approved the construction of a 20.7 km section between Osorno. Calahorra de Boedo and tenders for the 13.7 km route between Calahorra de Boedo and Alar del Rey were launched in December 2022. By 2023, a total of 78.4 km of line from Palencia to Alar del Rey is proposed for development, a significant step towards increasing connectivity in the marked region.
Eastern Corridor
Alicante–Cartagena
The under-construction section of the Madrid–Levante network is a major high speed railway project aimed at connecting Madrid to the Mediterranean coast. Spanning 955 km (593 mi) and with an estimated cost of €12.5 billion, it stands as the most expensive high speed railway initiative in Spain. The network is designed to accommodate both dedicated passenger trains running at speeds in excess of 300 km/h (190 mph) and high speed railways that will also serve freight trains.
The project will be inaugurated in stages, starting with the Madrid-Valencia/Albacete section, which opened in December 2010, followed by Albacete-Alicante in June 2013, Valencia-Castellón in January 2018, and February Monfort del Cid-Orevilla in 2021, culminating in the completion of the route to the city of Murcia in December 2022. A branch line to Cartagena is expected to be completed by 2024. However, the section of the Mediterranean Corridor connecting Valencia to Alicante, initially expected to open in 2022, remains. Pending till 2023.
South Corridor
Seville–Antequera
The Transversal Rail Axis (Eje Ferroviario Transversal de Andalucía) is an ambitious high speed rail project designed to connect the cities of Huelva, Seville, Granada and Almeria, with a total distance of 503.7 km. The line, aimed at speeds of 250 km/h, has 130-kilometre Antequera-Granada and 103-kilometre Seville-Huelva sections designed to accommodate speeds of more than 300 km/h. Once completed, the journey between Huelva and Almería is expected to take approximately 3 hours and 35 minutes.
The first section, Antequera–Granada, opened on June 26, 2019, connecting Granada to the wider high speed network via a branch of the Madrid–Málaga line. In March 2024, a contract was awarded for the construction of the last remaining high speed segment, which will bypass Loja. Meanwhile, construction of the 128-kilometer line between Seville and Antequera began in 2005, but since 2013 funding issues have stalled progress, particularly on the section between Marchena and Antequera. By 2023, the Andalusian government is exploring new financing options to revive the project, while work has yet to begin on the Granada to Almeria section, which is not expected to be completed before 2030.
Madrid–Jaén
Madrid-Jaén is a planned railway line under high speed rail Spain program and will feature a combination of dedicated passenger sections and sections shared with freight trains, connecting Madrid to Jaén via Alcázar de San Juan. Initially, the line will use the existing Madrid-Seville high speed railway for the first 99 km, after which a new 67.5 km branch will be built towards Alcázar de San Juan. From this point, the existing railway will be upgraded to accommodate passenger trains travelling at a speed of 250 km/h, as well as a new double track through the Despeñaperros mountain range to replace the existing single-track line. With the construction of the road.
This section will also serve as part of the Madrid-Algeciras freight corridor. The Spanish government approved construction on 15 July 2005, with initial work scheduled to begin in 2008. However, construction suffered significant delays before resuming in November 2017. The first section, spanning 16.7 km between Grana and Jain, was completed in March 2020. Additionally, investigations are ongoing into extending the line to Granada, although the challenging terrain between Jaén and Granada raises concerns about economic feasibility.
Mediterranean Corridor
Tarragona–Almería
The railway project connecting Tarragona to Almeria via Valencia and Murcia is expected to be completed by 2026, following the construction of the 184 km Murcia-Almeria in Line high speed rail Spain. The initial section of the 46.5 km long Iberian gauge cut-off between Camp de Tarragona and Vendelos began commercial operations on 13 January 2020. Between Valencia and Castellon in January 2018.
The section between Vendelos and Castellón represents an upgrade of the old Iberian-gauge Valencia—Sant Vesin de Calderas railway, which currently provides a Euromed service at 220 km/h, covering the distance between. Barcelona and Valencia in about 2 hours and 35 minutes. Future high speed trains are expected to reduce this journey time to around 1 hour 45 minutes. However, construction of a new standard gauge line for this section is yet to begin.
Meanwhile, the Valencia to Alicante section is scheduled to be completed by 2025. The 52 km line between Torrent and Xàtiva, under construction since October 2002, was originally scheduled to be completed in 2020 and is designed for speeds of 350 km/h. While electrification was completed in December 2016, modernization works for the remaining 40 km of single track between Xàtiva and La Encina Hub have been delayed, with testing phases extending to early 2023. Till 9 September 2023, this section is closed for additional work. A double-track installation is expected to be completed by the end of 2025.
Two Seas Corridor
Zaragoza–Pamplona
A line in High Speed rail Spain connecting Zaragoza in Aragon to Pamplona in Navarre is currently being developed as part of the Two Seas (Cantabrian-Mediterranean) Corridor. The section between Castejón and Pamplona spans 75.5 km and is actively under construction, with some subsections already completed. Initially slated for completion in 2023, recent estimates have pushed the expected completion date to 2027.
Meanwhile, the 82.3 km stretch from Zaragoza to Castijn is still in the design phase, with a second information study due to be published in 2023. This part is expected to take at least another decade to complete. The overall budget for the Zaragoza–Pamplona line is estimated between €1.252 billion and €1.446 billion, depending on the layout around Zaragoza and the planned station in Tudela. Once operational, the new high speed line is expected to reduce travel time from two hours to just one hour, increasing connectivity between these two key regions.
Planned New Lines For High Speed Rail Spain
In the short term, Spain plans to expand its high speed rail links, including a proposed link to France at La Jonquera in Catalonia and another at Errone in the Basque Country. Additional lines are under consideration, such as one connecting Soria to the Madrid-Barcelona line at Calatayud. The Madrid-Barcelona line, which currently terminates at Barcelona’s Estacio de Sants, is also set to expand with the construction of a new station at La Saguera on the northern edge of the city. Looking ahead, the Spanish government has an ambitious vision of 7,000 km (4,300 mi) of high speed railway, ensuring that all provincial capitals are no more than four hours from Madrid and six and a half hours from Barcelona.
The Strategic Plan for Railway Infrastructure (PEIT), published in 2005, outlines a second expansion program aimed at extending the 300 km/h (186 mph) network to 10,000 km (6,200 mi) by the end of 2020. However, this ambitious program has been postponed indefinitely as the first expansion continues. Once both programs are completed, Spain will boast the most extensive high speed rail network in Europe, with operational links to France and Portugal, and a leader in high speed rail within the European Union to accommodate high speed trains Europe.
Connection with Barajas Airport
In May 2021, the Spanish Ministry of Transport, Mobility, and Urban Agenda unveiled plans to integrate Madrid’s Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport into the high speed rail network. The project will be launched in two phases. The first phase focuses on the short-term goal of connecting AVE trains to the airport using the existing line shared with Cercanías trains until reaching Chamartín station.
Tendering for this initial phase is expected to begin in 2022. The second phase aims to establish a dedicated high speed line that will provide a more direct connection to the airport, significantly increasing accessibility and travel efficiency for passengers travelling between the airport and Spain. High speed rail network.
Cantabrian Sea Corridor
The Cantabrian Sea Corridor is a major rail project in northern Spain designed to improve connectivity between coastal cities like Bilbao, Santander, and Gijón. It aims to enhance regional mobility, freight transport, and economic development along the northern coastline.
As part of the broader high speed rail Spain network, this corridor will shorten travel times and link the north more efficiently with central and southern Spain. It supports Spain’s goal of expanding sustainable, high-speed rail access nationwide.
Two Seas Corrido
The proposed line for high speed rail Spain that aims to create an important link between the Valencian Community and the Basque Country, stretching to the French border and passing through Aragon, Navarre and La Rioja. The ambitious project will include two main routes connecting Aragon with the Basque Country: one through Pamplona to the French border and the other through Logroño to Bilbao.
Major cities such as Valencia, Teruel, Zaragoza, Pamplona, Logroño, Vitoria-Gasteiz, San Sebastián, and Bilbao are set to benefit from this improved connectivity, as well as a possible connection to Santander. Once operational, the journey time between Valencia and Bilbao will be reduced from around 9 hours to around 4 hours, improving accessibility. While parts of the line are projected in Aragon, Navarre and La Rioja, the section between Castijn and Pamplona is currently under construction. However, the Ministry of Development has yet to set a date for the completion of the Cantabrian-Mediterranean Corridor.
Central-Pyrenees Corridor
The Trans-Pyrenean Central Corridor (Travesía Central de los Pirineos), a proposed high capacity link for high speed rail Spain and France, aims to connect Spain and France through a 40 km-long tunnel through the central Pyrenees mountains. The project is designed to accommodate both high speed passenger trains and large freight services, providing a 355 km direct connection between Zaragoza and Toulouse via the Huesca route.
It is acting as an important point. Currently, ten possible alternatives to cross the mountains are being considered, all consisting of low-altitude tunnels, with additional stops in towns such as Tarbes or Pau proposed. Despite the project’s promise of improved connectivity and economic benefits, there is no definitive timeline or clear commitment for its construction at this stage.
Conclusion
High speed rail Spain has a network that stands as a beacon of modern transportation innovation, linking major cities and regions while fostering economic growth and sustainability. With the continued expansion of lines like the Mediterranean Corridor, the Basque Y, and the Madrid-Santander route, Spain is further enhancing its connectivity, reducing travel times, and improving accessibility for both urban and remote areas. The integration of advanced rolling stock, including variable-gauge trains and the development of new infrastructure, such as the Madrid Interconnector, ensures that Spain remains at the forefront of rail technology. The network’s contribution to reducing the country’s carbon footprint, alongside luxury train services and accessibility features, reinforces its status as a comprehensive, eco-friendly, and inclusive transport system. As Spain moves forward with new projects, including cross-border connections to France and the Pyrenean Corridor, high speed rail Spain will continue to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of European transportation.